What comes to your mind if you hear the word nationalism? Most of us would think that nationalism is a high attitude of love towards the state or nation. Besides, this definition refers to patriotism. Nationalism itself refers to the identity of each state or nation.
Nationalism is derived from the words “national” and “ism” which is nationality understanding. Nationalism implies consciousness and spirit of patriotism; have pride as nation, or maintain the honor of the nation; and also unity. Nationalism can also be interpreted as an understanding that creating and maintaining the state sovereignty by creating a common identity for a group of people in country.
In International Relations itself, nationalism is an identity that distinguishes each actors in International Relations. The roles of nationalism in International Relations are as ideology and movement. Nationalism as an ideology can be interpreted that nationalism used as a guide by all citizens in particular country. Meanwhile, nationalism as a movement can be interpreted as a starting point for a nation to make a big change.
Study of International Relations also has some perspectives in addressing influence of the phenomenon of nationalism in international relations. The perspectives are the positive one and the negative one. According to the positive perspective, it can be defined as a sense of belonging or sense of required by the actor in international relations. Meanwhile in the negative perspective, it can be defined as a movement that will be towards a condition called ethnocentrism.
Nationalism itself can be divided into two; civic nationalism and ethnic nationalism. Civic nationalism means that the people of the state have a higher sense of nationalism to a sovereign state rather than their own origin ethnic. Ethnic nationalism means that the sense of nationalism higher to their own ethnic rather than to a sovereign state.
Nationalism can give positive and negative impact. The positive impacts are; first, each of the actors has their own identity that distinguishes one actor to other actors in international relations. Second, nationalism can foster a sense of belonging to a nation. Third, nationalism can also develop a sense of country’s cultural inspiration. The negative impacts are; first, can make conflict and also war even murder on large scale over particular ethnic, because they assume that they are the most superior country compared to other countries. Second, the high sense of nationalism can be a barrier for countries that cooperate. Third, excessive nationalism can damage the relationship between politics and the economy of a country, because the high sense of nationalism can destabilize the continue of economic and political aspects.
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